Question 1
1850: Frederich Archer’s wet-plate processing
Frederich Scott Archer contributed to the photography progress by his wet-collodion process.
“The process he discovered was to coat a glass plate with collodion mixed with potassium iodide and then immerse the plate in a sensitizing solution of silver nitrate. Exposed in the camera while still wet, the plate was then developed and fixed immediately. Crisp, detailed negatives were produced by exposures of only a few seconds.”
This process superseded both daguerreotypes and calotypes.
1888: Invention of the roll film and the Kodak camera
An American dry-plate manufacturer George Eastman is the founder of Eastman Kodak Company who changed the face of photography forever by inventing the roll film.
In 1884, he got his patent for the first film in roll form and later in 1888, he perfected the Kodak Black camera. It was the first camera designed to use roll film.
1871: Photoengraving process onto metal plates
John Calvin Moss was an American inventor who developed the photoengraving process for transferring line artwork onto metal plates. Before him, the artworks used to be engraved onto woods which was expensive and time-consuming.
His work led to a revolution in printing and eventually to the mass marketing of newspapers and magazines and books which combined photographs with traditional text.
Sources:
https://m.skinnerinc.com/news/blog/daguerreotypes-ambrotypes-tintypes-the-rise-of-early-photography/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4768600/john_c_moss_biography_of_the_inventor/
Question 2
The report on a chosen techniques:
My Reflective Journal 